What it's for (Indications)
- Management of pain and inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute articular disorders, and peri-articular disorders.
Dosage Information
| Type | Guideline |
|---|---|
| Standard | Use as mentioned on the packaging or advised by your doctor. Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks, using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. After observing the response to initial therapy, the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's needs. Concomitant use of ketoprofen capsules and ketoprofen extended-release capsules is not recommended. If minor side effects appear, they may disappear at a lower dose. If well tolerated but not optimally effective, the dosage may be increased. Individual patients may show a better response to 300 mg of ketoprofen capsules daily as compared to 200 mg, although in well-controlled clinical trials patients on 300 mg did not show greater mean effectiveness, they did, however, show an increased freq. |
Safety & Warnings
Common Side Effects
- Patients may experience gastrointestinal intolerance (minor, with upper gastrointestinal symptoms being more common than lower), rash (change in color and texture of skin), ulcerative stomatitis (oral erosions and ulcers), hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions, nephrotoxicity (toxicity in kidneys), abnormal liver function, neurological/dermatological/hematological reactions, jaundice (yellowing of skin and mucous membranes), hepatitis (inflammation of liver), and blurred vision.
- Peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in less than 1% of patients in controlled clinical trials, but in open label continuation studies, the rate was greater than 2%.
Serious Warnings
- Black Box Warning: **Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events**: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use. Ketoprofen capsules are contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. **Gastrointestinal Risk**: NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal adverse even
- **General Precautions**: Patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, asthma (lung disorder characterized by wheezing, breathlessness, cough), or allergic disease should stay cautious.
- Monitor cardiac (heart), renal (kidney), and hepatic (liver) impairment.
- Patients with hypertension (raised blood pressure), peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular (disorders of blood vessels of brain) disease, and cardiovascular (vessels of the heart) disease should stay vigilant.
- Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals.
- **Pregnancy**: No definite data regarding use in pregnant females.
- Please consult your doctor before use as it may be unfit.
- Conflicting information exists regarding risk in humans; some sources state no evidence of risk, while others advise caution.
- **Lactation**: Research suggests this medicine is not safe to be used during breastfeeding.
- Please consult your doctor before taking this medicine.
- **Alcohol**: Please avoid consuming alcohol when taking this medicine.
How it Works (Mechanism of Action)
Ketoprofen exerts its primary therapeutic effects through the potent inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. As a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), ketoprofen effectively blocks both COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms. The COX-1 isoform is constitutively expressed and plays vital roles in maintaining physiological functions, including gastric mucosal integrity, renal blood flow regulation, and platelet aggregation via thromboxane synthesis. Conversely, the COX-2 isoform is primarily inducible, upregulated during inflammatory processes, contributing significantly to the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. By inhibiting these enzymes, ketoprofen markedly reduces the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins are crucial lipid mediators involved in the generation of pain, inflammation, and fever. The resultant decrease in prostaglandin synthesis underpins ketoprofen's well-established anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties, thereby alleviating symptoms associated with various inflammatory and painful conditions.